Preheat the oven to 350°F. Prepare the muffin tins with liners and set aside.
In a medium bowl, combine the flour, baking soda, baking powder, nutmeg, cloves, allspice, cinnamon and salt. Set aside.
To the bowl of an electric mixer, add the butter, brown sugar and granulated sugar. Mix together on low speed for 2 minutes, until smooth and fluffy.
Add the eggs and vanilla extract. Mix on low speed until fully incorporated. Stop and scrape the sides of the mixer bowl as needed.
Add the starter discard and pumpkin puree. Mix on low speed until fully incorporated, about one minute. Gradually add the flour mixture. Mix until just combined. Avoid over-mixing.
Optional: Stir in 1/2 cup chopped pecans (reserve the rest for sprinkling on top of the muffins).
Scoop the muffin batter into each prepared muffin liner, filling about 2/3 full. Optional: Sprinkle remaining 1/4 cup chopped pecans on top of the muffins.
Bake muffins for 22-25 minutes or until a toothpick inserted comes out clean with only a few moist crumbs.
Let muffins cool in the pan for 10 minutes before removing to cool completely on a wire cooling rack.
Optional: Once muffins have cooled, prepare the maple icing. In a small bowl, whisk together the powdered sugar, maple extract, maple syrup and milk. Add more milk or powdered sugar, to get just the right consistency - a thicker icing will set better instead of soaking into the muffin.
Place a sheet of parchment paper underneath the wire cooling rack to catch the icing.
Drizzle icing over cooled muffins. Allow the icing to set for 15 minutes before serving. Enjoy!